Colonialism, Western - European expansion since 1763: The global expansion of western Europe between the 1760s and the 1870s differed in several important ways from. A description of tropes appearing in Star Trek Online. An MMO developed by Cryptic, makers of City of Heroes and Champions Online, set in the original Star. The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937-September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan before and during World War II.

Second Sino- Japanese War - New World Encyclopedia. Second Sino- Japanese War. Part of World War IIMap showing the extent of Japanese control in 1. Date. July 7, 1. 93. September 9, 1. 94. Location. China. Result. Japanese unconditional surrender.

Casusbelli. Marco Polo Bridge Incident. Territorialchanges. Retrocession to China of Manchuria, Taiwan and Pescadores. Combatants China United States. Empire of Japan. Collaborationist Chinese Army.

Commanders. Chiang Kai- shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Bai Chongxi, Peng Dehuai, Joseph Stilwell, Claire Chennault, Albert Wedemeyer. Hirohito, Fumimaro Konoe, Hideki Tojo, Kotohito Kan'in, Matsui Iwane, Hajime Sugiyama, Shunroku Hata, Toshizo Nishio, Yasuji Okamura, Umezu Yoshijiro,Strength.

1. Port Manteaux churns out silly new words when you feed it an idea or two. Enter a word (or two) above and you'll get back a bunch of portmanteaux created by jamming.
2. The American Frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English.
3. Message of the Comintern (SH) on occasion of the 122nd anniversary. August 5, 1895 – August 5, 2017. 122 years ago, Friedrich.
4. Understanding Evolution: History, Theory, Evidence, and Implications. By - March 5, 2006 Updated - May 2, 2006. Introduction; Origin Mythology.

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It was the largest Asian war in the twentieth century. The war was the result of a decades- long Japanese imperialist policy aiming to dominate China politically and militarily to secure its vast raw material reserves and other resources. At the same time, the rising tide of Chinese nationalism and notions of self determination stoked the coals of war.

Before 1. 93. 7, China and Japan fought in small, localized engagements in so- called . The 1. 93. 1 invasion of Manchuria by Japan is known as the . The invasion was condemned and declared illegal by the League of Nations but, as with the Italian occupation of Ethiopia from 1. From 1. 93. 7 to 1.

China fought alone. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Second Sino- Japanese War merged into the greater conflict of World War II. Japan, like Italy, was late in launching its the extra- territorial imperial project. This was not an expression of the will of the people, but of the militaristic leaders of the nation at the time. However, it was also an assertion of Japan's status as a power in her own right. Having successfully warded off the interference by the European colonial powers of the U.

S., she now aspired to become an imperial power in the image of those who had tried to dominate her, so blame for atrocities that were committed ought properly to be shared. All imperial powers, including those who censured Japan's actions as immoral, have committed crimes against humanity. Nomenclature. In Chinese, the war is most commonly known as the War of Resistance Against Japan, and also known as the Eight Years' War of Resistance, or simply War of Resistance. In Japan, the name Japan- China War is most commonly used because of its neutrality. When the war began in July 1. Beijing, the government of Japan used North China Incident, Hokushi Jihen), and with the outbreak of war in Central China next month, it was changed to China Incident, Shina Jihen). The word incident,jihen) was used by Japan as neither country had declared war on each other.

Japan wanted to avoid intervention by other countries such as the United Kingdom and particularly the United States, which had been the biggest steel exporter to Japan. American President Franklin D. Roosevelt would have had to impose an embargo due to the Neutrality Acts had the fighting been named a war. In Japanese propaganda however, the invasion of China became a . In 1. 94. 0, prime minister Konoe thus launched the League of Diet Members Believing the Objectives of the Holy War.

When both sides formally declared war in December 1. Greater East Asia War,Dait. The Qing Dynasty was on the brink of collapse from internal revolts and foreign imperialism, while Japan had emerged as a great power through its effective measures of modernization. The Republic of China was founded in 1. Xinhai Revolution which overthrew the Qing Dynasty. However, the nascent Republic was even weaker than its predecessor because of the dominance of warlords.

Unifying the nation and repelling imperialism seemed a very remote possibility. Some warlords even aligned themselves with various foreign powers in an effort to wipe each other out. For example, warlord Zhang Zuolin of Manchuria openly cooperated with the Japanese for military and economic assistance. It was during the early period of the Republic that Japan became the greatest foreign threat to China. In 1. 91. 5, Japan issued the Twenty- One Demands to further its political and commercial interests in China.

Following World War I, Japan acquired the German sphere of influence in Shandong. China under the Beiyang government remained fragmented and unable to resist foreign incursions until the Northern Expedition of 1. Kuomintang (KMT, or Chinese Nationalist Party) in Guangzhou against various warlords. The Northern Expedition swept through China until it was checked in Shandong, where Beiyang warlord Zhang Zongchang, backed by the Japanese, attempted to stop the Kuomintang Army from unifying China. This situation culminated in the Jinan Incident of 1. Kuomintang army and the Japanese were engaged in a short conflict. In the same year, Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin was also assassinated when he became less willing to cooperate with Japan.

Following these incidents, the Kuomintang government under Chiang Kai- shek finally succeeded in unifying China in 1. However, the Northern Expedition had only nominally unified China, and civil wars broke out between former warlords and rival Kuomintang factions. In addition, the Chinese Communists revolted against the central government following a purge of its members. Because of these situations, the Chinese central government diverted much attention into fighting these civil wars and followed a policy of . In 1. 93. 1, the Japanese invaded Manchuria right after the Mukden Incident.

After five months of fighting, in 1. Manchukuo was established with the last emperor of China, Puyi, installed as its head of state. Unable to challenge Japan directly, China appealed to the League of Nations for help. The League's investigation was published as the Lytton Report, which condemned Japan for its incursion of Manchuria, and led Japan to withdraw from the League of Nations. From the late 1. 92. Japan saw Manchuria as a limitless supply of raw materials and as a buffer state against the Soviet Union. Incessant conflicts followed the Mukden Incident.

In 1. 93. 2, Chinese and Japanese soldiers fought a short war in the January 2. Incident. The war resulted in the demilitarization of Shanghai, which forbade the Chinese from deploying troops in their own city. In Manchukuo there was an ongoing campaign to defeat the volunteer armies that arose from the popular frustration at the policy of nonresistance to the Japanese. In 1. 93. 3, the Japanese attacked the Great Wall region, and in its wake the Tanggu Truce was signed, which gave Japan the control of Rehe province and a demilitarized zone between the Great Wall and Beiping- Tianjin region. The Japanese aim was to create another buffer region, this time between Manchukuo and the Chinese Nationalist government whose capital was Nanjing.

In addition, Japan increasingly utilized the internal conflicts among the Chinese factions to reduce their strength one by one. This was precipitated by the fact that even some years after the Northern Expedition, the political power of the Nationalist government only extended around the Yangtze River Delta region, and other regions of China were essentially held in the hands of regional powers.

Thus, Japan often bought off or created special links with these regional powers to undermine the efforts of the central Nationalist government in bringing unity to China. To do this, Japan sought various Chinese collaborators and helped these men lead governments that were friendly to Japan. This policy was called the Specialization of North China (Chinese: . The northern provinces affected by this policy were Chahar, Suiyuan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. This Japanese policy was most effective in the area of what is now Inner Mongolia and Hebei.

COMINTERN (SH) WORLD REVOLUTION Central Organ of the Comintern (SH)AUGUST 2. Anniversary Internationalist Solidarity with the antifascist struggle in the USA ! Fascists killed our anti- fascist Heroine Heather Heyer ! We will strike back !!! Let's fight against Fascism globally - until it is completely destroyed ! On occasion of Trump's state- terrorism and his fascist killer gangs in Charlottesvillewe re- publish our anti- fascist appeal: Anti- fascist appeal of the Comintern (SH) from 2. January. . 2. 01.

To all anti- fascists all over the world ! Free the world from fascist oppression and capitalist enslavement ! Now, the world socialist revolution is not to be delayed ! Down with fascism of the USA !

Down with fascism of all the other imperialist . Global wars and fascism is the nature of world capitalism. World fascism is the most brutal form of oppression of world imperialism as the highest and last stage of the development of capitalism; as monopoly parasitic and senile capitalism, as moribund capitalism, as an unprecedented increase of exploitation, oppression and reaction in all the fields and as the eve of the proletarian revolution. World fascism is not born into the world full- fledged, and does not flame up suddenly. World fascism is preceded by a process of fermentation, of the economical (and consequently political) crises of world imperialism, which unleashes inevitably the anti- fascist world movements, the global outbursts of anti- imperialist revolutions, the beginning of the world socialist revolution. Even the most sceptical of the sceptics within the communist movement can not exclude the coming world revolution.

Febrile atmosphere of anti- fascist uprisings is already the beginning of the world revolution. The governments themselves, by their fascist adventures, are seeing to its continuation.

The world proletariat will see to it that the serious world- revolutionary onset is sustained and extended. The anti- fascist struggle must be the united action of all the peoples of all countries under leadership of the world proletariat, for the simple reason that all countries and all peoples are oppressed by the world fascist system. World fascism is the last lifeline with which the world capitalists try in vain to maintain their brutal world system of oppression and exploitation. The overthrow of the capitalist world system is inevitable for the abolishment of world fascism in every country. On the contrary, they always bring it closer, extend its basis, and draw new sections of the petty bourgeoisie and the semi- proletarian masses into the world socialist struggle. On the other hand, anti- fascist uprisings are inevitable in the course of the world socialist revolution, which should not be regarded as a single act, but as a global period of turbulent political and economic upheavals, the most intense class struggle, civil war, revolutions, and counter- revolutions.

Transform the globalized anti- fascist struggle into the struggle for world socialism in every country of the world ! Fascism means brutal violence against the majority of the world population. Death to world fascism and all its lackeys ! Death to the social- fascist lackeys all over the world ! Long live the socialist wold revolution !

Long live World Socialism and World Communism ! Long live the Comintern (SH) ! Socialist States of America.

We will make America a great socialist country ! Long live the socialist America in a socialist world ! The only future for America is - communism. Long live the socialist world revolution ! The coup attempts of the imperialists, by means of their Venezuelan lackeys, can not be mixed up or equalized with the revolution in Venezuela and the general strike. For their liberation from the hated dictator Nicol. The abolition of this fascist regime would be a victory for the Venezuelan people, which we Stalinist- Hoxhaists do not be defame as a !

We make front against all the social- fascists all over the world who praise this Fascist system as ! Primarily the capitalist system in Venezuela must be overthrown .

That must be done in any case and at any cost! Simultaneously, we must distance from and fight against all the reactionary elements of those . They are all counterrevolutionaries! No matter of the different enemies of the Venezuelan people- we must defend the anti- imperialist achievements of the revolutionary struggle in Venezuela. The protest movement must fight, in first line, for the liberation of the peoples from world imperialism, and especially against all the imperialists who treat Venezuela as their colony. We are neither for the purchase nor for a miilitary attack on Venezuela.

We are for the global revolutionary, anti- imperialist struggle of the world proletariat and its solidarity with the protest movement in Venezuela. The world proletariat fights shoulder to shoulder with the Venezuelan proletariat for the world socialist revolution, which is the only correct line of the Comintern (SH). We make propaganda and fight in solidarity with the revolution in Venezuela, for its transformation into the proletarian revolution as a detachment of the coming socialist world revolution - namely based on the doctrines of the 5 Classics of Marxism- Leninism. Comintern (SH)5th of August 2. Please, study our theoretical documents on the events in Venezuela: Statement of the Comintern (SH) about the events in Venezuela. March 1. 2, 2. 01.

March 1. 3, 2. 01. Hugo Chavez is death ... Its fruit was, on Marx’s side, Capital, the greatest work on political economy of our age, and on Engels’ side, a number of works both large and small.

Marx worked on the analysis of the complex phenomena of capitalist economy. Engels, in simply written works, often of a polemical character, dealt with more general scientific problems and with diverse phenomena of the past and present in the spirit of the materialist conception of history and Marx’s economic theory. Adobe Pdf Editor Free Download Torrent. Marx died before he could put the final touches to his vast work on capital.

The draft, however, was already finished, and after the death of his friend, Engels undertook the onerous task of preparing and publishing the second and the third volumes of Capital. He published Volume II in 1. Volume III in 1. 89. Volume IV). These two volumes entailed a vast amount of labour. Adler, the Austrian Social- Democrat, has rightly remarked that by publishing volumes II and III of Capital Engels erected a majestic monument to the genius who had been his friend, a monument on which, without intending it, he indelibly carved his own name. Indeed these two volumes of Capital are the work of two men: Marx and Engels.

As the first and most important task, Friedrich Engels considered the completion of the written legacy of Karl Marx. At first he cared about the third edition of the first volume of the . The first volume examines how value and surplus value are produced.

In 1. 88. 5, followed the second volume of the . Between the second and third volume a longer pause occurred. All the numerous fragmentary manuscripts had to be collected, and the comprehensive material had to be laboriously sifted, in order to create the third volume as a uniform whole.

No one in the world could have mastered this difficult, extremely complex task - except Friedrich Engels. It must be conscious to every Communist: without Friedrich Engels there would be no second and third Volume of the . It was not until 1. Engels's death, that the third volume could be published, which deals with the whole process of capitalist production, and the transformation of surplus value into profit. Furthermore, the third volume examines the distribution of the surplus value among the various exploiters. Not only did the complexity of the subject delay the publication of the third volume. After Marx's death, Friedrich Engels devoted himself to the Communist movement which was greatly growing.

Not least, this was due to Marx and Engels.